Were you one of the 50% of Americans who set up a New Year’s resolution last month as you rang out the old, and rang in the new? If so, I’m sure it’s no surprise to you to learn that although some people manage to stick with their goals, the majority, however, give up.

“What a mistake – the whole idea around New Year’s resolutions. People aren’t picking specific behaviors, they’re picking abstractions,” says Stanford University Professor, BJ Fogg.

Professor Fogg explains that people simply don’t do well when it comes to the vague aspirations that comprise most resolutions. He feels that abstract goals don’t work unless they are tied to specific behaviors, because they can be too difficult for the brain to focus on. He says that in order to retain new behavior, it needs to be instinctual – the more you have to remember to do something, the better the chances are that you’ll talk yourself out of it.

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Why Our Brain Has Trouble Handling New Year’s Resolutions 

We all know that willpower is the magic ingredient to help us stick to our resolutions. The cells in the brain that control willpower are found just behind the forehead, in the prefrontal cortex – the region that is also responsible for managing short-term memory, helping us stay focused, and solving abstract tasks. 

But the problem with the good old New Year’s resolution is that it typically requires a huge amount of willpower to carry it out – so much that our brain just can’t cope. Professor Baba Shiv at Stanford University demonstrated this, using 2 groups of undergraduate students. He gave one group a two-digit number to remember, and the other a seven-digit number to remember. Following a short walk, the two groups were offered a choice of two snacks: a slice of chocolate cake or a bowl of fruit. Surprisingly, the students with 7-digit numbers to remember were twice as likely to pick the slice of chocolate compared to the students with the 2-digit numbers. 

Why does this happen? “Those extra numbers took up valuable space in the brain—they were a “cognitive load” – making it that much harder to resist a decadent dessert”, says Shiv. 

Consequently, your prefrontal cortex needs to manage willpower in much the same way as a muscle needs to be trained. Making a decision at the start of the New Year to tax your prefrontal cortex with something like a resolution to stop smoking or to join a gym for the first time, is likened to trying to lift a 300lb barbell without any previous training.

However, making a new behavior “instinctual” – the crucial aspect for keeping it going – will better help you achieve any new habit. Since this is missing in 90% of all New Year’s resolutions, it makes them so likely to fail.

Fogg describes how the key is to make any goal a habit first. And, most importantly, to make it a tiny one. How might this translate to some of the most common New Year’s resolutions? Well, instead of making a vague aspiration to stop smoking, first resolve to merely stop smoking that one cigarette you have every morning after breakfast. And instead of simply declaring how you’re going to only eat healthy food, start by substituting that daily morning pastry for a banana. The chances of success will be 50% higher if you can break down your resolution into a small habit, rather than leaving it open and vague.

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Positive Reinforcement

Fogg also believes in the power of positive reinforcement by rewarding yourself immediately after performing your new habit. For example, if flossing your teeth is your new resolution, start by flossing just one tooth, instead of trying to floss them all. And then reward yourself! “You declare victory. Like, “I am so awesome, I just flossed one tooth.” And I know it sounds ridiculous. But I believe that when you reinforce yourself like that, your brain will say yeah, awesome, let’s do that,” says Fogg.

This concept of behavioral triggers and rewards likely sounds familiar to those of you with pets.  According to Fogg, “If you really took the techniques for training dogs and applied them to yourself, you would have much better success. Now, I’m sure people are upset with me for saying that because people want to think we’re different from other animals. When it comes to behavior, we’re a lot more alike than people want to believe.”

So, if you’re anticipating a hard time sticking with your resolution this year, hopefully you can now take some comfort in knowing that, despite popular opinion, a strong willpower is not something we’re born with. Self-control is not simply a character issue. Although most people assume that we would follow-through on our resolutions if we had a bit more discipline, this is not the case.

“Research suggests that willpower itself is inherently limited, and that our January promises fail in large part because the brain wasn’t built for success,” says Jonah Lehrer, author of “How We Decide” and “Proust Was a Neuroscientist.”

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Image credit Stuart Miles @FreeDigitalPhotos

Ever wondered how scientists declare their love? Well, check out some data that was shared in the British newspaper, “The Guardian”….

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Even back in history, scientists worked hard to pursue their love interests: 

In a classic piece of work by Jacques-Louis David, an influential French neoclassical painter, Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier, the “father of modern chemistry” was shown gazing lovingly at his wife and co-worker, Marie-Anne, over a table that was laden, not with candles, but with the symbols of a shared love of chemistry. 

Then there was the 18^th century German professor, Georg Matthias Bose, who developed early theories of electricity. He would ask a lady to stand on an insulated stool whilst her body was charged with electricity by a hidden operator. He would then introduce an unsuspecting gentleman to kiss her. Not surprisingly, sparks would fly.

And how about the 19^th century American, Joseph Henry, a professor and pioneer of the first electromagnet?  Whilst studying inductance, he constructed a magnetic relay that connected his lab at Princeton University to his home. Henry used this device to send waves of love to his wife Harriet, and, more importantly, to send her his lunch order. This pioneering work eventually led to the invention of the telegraph.

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Let’s fast forward to the 21^st century to see if the age of chivalry is dead:

Researcher in nanotechnology at Purdue University, Sahil M. Bansal, admits that he uses his hi-tech skills to make gifts for love interests. In his production of nanoscale circuits, tiny gold patterns are dabbed onto silicon wafers. He puts his leftover wafers to good use, though, by inscribing them in gold with nanoscale poetry. Apparently it’s never failed him.

And, naturally, no self-respecting report on romance would be complete without some quotes from the Twitterverse:

A lecturer in organic chemistry at the University of East Anglia, @S_J_Lancaster, tweeted: “Valentine, I could never Bohr of you”. And later: “Say silsesquioxane again, the way I like it.”

Then there was @Sci_ents of the University of Hull, who announced: “I said I liked her bosons and then she lepton me”.

And finally, chemistry student, @simplecoffee, of the University of Delhi, declared: “You drown me in dopamine. May I be your alpha carbon?”

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So, the moral of this story? You should definitely think carefully before taking advice on romance from a scientist….

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Image credit imelenchon  @morgueFile

 

 

 

 

 

Dropped foods with high salt or sugar content may be safer to eat than other foods, study reports.
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This finding has important implications for followers of the “3-Second Rule”, and was reported by researchers at Manchester Metropolitan University in England, on behalf of Vileda, a household products company.

Are you a proponent of the 5-second rule (or whatever time limit you choose to use)? There seem to be any number of variations on this rule, with the time limit often being modified based on how long it actually takes a person to retrieve their dropped food before the dog gets to it!

Call it what you like – superstition or conventional wisdom – this rule has certainly received some scholarly attention over the years, including this most recent study.

The researchers tested a variety of foods that are eaten commonly, and that contain different water activity levels – a major factor in determining whether food items will allow bacterial growth in just a few seconds.

Ham, cooked pasta, bread with jam, a plain cookie, and dried fruit were all dropped on the floor and then left for intervals of 3, 5, and 10 seconds. The foods were then evaluated to determine whether harmful bacteria found on the floor were then found on the dropped food.

They found that the level of water, salt, and sugar in a food type influenced how much bacteria it collected. Due to their low water content, cookies appeared to do best, and were relatively safe to eat after being on the floor for 3, 5, or 10 seconds. The salty ham and the sugary bread and jam seemed to do relatively well, showing little bacterial growth if they were removed from the floor within 3 seconds. But the cooked pasta and dried fruit showed growth of klebsiella after just 3 and 5 seconds respectively – a bacterial agent with the potential to cause a range of diseases such as urinary tract infection, pneumonia, and septicemia.

Overall this study showed that processed foods with their high sugar or salt content were less likely to allow harmful bacteria to survive on them, and may therefore present the least risk to health when eaten off the floor – maybe their only saving grace from a healthy eating standpoint!

But regardless of the results, it’s important to obviously remember that any dropped food becomes immediately contaminated, whatever its water, salt, and sugar content. So even though there may be degrees of contamination – when in doubt, throw it out!

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Are you someone with a sedentary job?

A recent study showed that breaking up long periods of sitting time by finding ways to move regularly, and increasing activity level, may have important implications for patients with diabetes, as well as reducing cardiovascular disease risk.

Although the study involved overweight individuals, this is obviously good advice for any of ud who might spend long periods of time each day working at a desk!

Read more about these findings in an article that I wrote for Be Sure To Test.

 

 

Image credit cohdra @morgueFile